Robert Bringhurst is a poet, typographer, linguist and cultural historian. He has published more than fifteen books of poetry, including Bergschrund (1975), The Beauty of the Weapons (1982), The Calling: Selected Poems 1970–1995 (1995) and New World Suite No. 3, a major work composed for three simultaneous voices. With Haida sculptor Bill Reid, Bringhurst is coauthor of The Raven Steals the Light, first published in 1984 and recently reissued with a preface by Claude Lévi-Strauss. His book The Black Canoe (2nd ed., 1993), a study of Reid’s sculpture, is a classic of Native American art history. His groundbreaking three-volume study of a Native American oral literature, Masterworks of the Classical Haida Mythtellers, (completed in 2001) unleashed a storm of controversy and a tidal wave of praise. It also won him the prestigious Edward Sapir Prize in linguistic anthropology and was chosen as book of the year by the Times of London. With Doris Shadbolt, Geoffrey James and Russell Keziere, he coedited Visions: Contemporary Art in Canada (1983). A quarter century later, this remains one of the few essential works on Canadian visual art since the Second World War. Design schools and publishers throughout much of the world rely on his book The Elements of Typographic Style (3rd ed., 2004), which has now been translated into Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Russian. In 1993 Bringhurst delivered the American Printing History Association’s annual Lieberman Lecture at UCLA; in 1994, Trent University’s Ashley Lectures on Native American oral literature; in 1997, the University of Iowa’s annual Brownell Lecture on the History of the Book; in 1998 both the University of British Columbia’s Garnett Sedgewick Memorial Lecture and the annual Georg Svensson Lecture at the Royal Library, Stockholm; in 2001, Wilfrid Laurier University’s Laurier Lecture and the culminating lecture of the San Francisco Public Library’s Zapfest; in 2002, both the University of Manitoba’s annual Belcourt Lecture in Linguistics and the keynote lecture at the 16th triennial congress of the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs. Many of these lectures are collected in a recent book, The Tree of Meaning: Thirteen Talks (2006). Other recent works include The Solid Form of Language: An Essay on Writing and Meaning (2004). A new book of essays, Everywhere Being Is Dancing, is scheduled for publication in the fall of 2007.

Presenters’ Biographies

Dr. Deborah Anderson is a researcher in the Dept. of Linguistics at UC Berkeley and runs the UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (and its NEH-sponsored sibling, the Universal Scripts Project). She is the UC Berkeley representative to the Unicode Consortium, and serves as Liaison for the Linguistic Society of America. Having received her Ph.D. from UCLA in Indo-European Studies, she also edits the UCLA Indo-European Studies Bulletin, and promotes the use of Unicode generally.

Adil Allawi has been working in the field of multilingual computing for the past 20 years. He started with writing bilingual software for one of the first implementations of Arabic on a personal computer and has continued into the fields of word-processing, desktop publishing, and text rendering on small devices. Adil largest project was rewriting a high-end DTP application first to handle both Arabic and English and later to work with all international languages. Adil is the Technical Director and lead engineer of Diwan Software Limited.

Michael Appleby is Associate Project Manager at LINGUIST List, having started there as a graduate researcher in 2000. Recently granted institute status at its home institution of Eastern Michigan University, LINGUIST List advocates best practices in documentation to the linguistics community. As part of this, Michael has been actively involved with the E-MELD project (NSF grant #BCS-0094934), promoting and facilitating the use of Unicode for documentary linguists.

Soeren Bendtsen has worked for many years at IBM in various fields related to localization and development. He started to work for IBM Denmark as a translator, translation tester and localization project planner. Later he switched to working with development in the Lotus Notes and Domino area, and is a certified Lotus Application Developer. A couple of years ago he came back to the language world and has since then worked as a localization planner and localization tools architect for a large Siebel based CRM application used in house and with IBM business partners. Soeren holds a Masters degree in English from the Copenhagen Business School.

Jim Brase has been involved in publishing literature in the Tai Dam language for 30 years. He started by co-authoring an English-Tai Dam phrase book to help Tai Dam immigrants in the U.S. learn English. He initiated the development of SIL’s first bit-mapped fonts for the Tai Dam script, as well as the current Tai Heritage fonts. In between work on Tai Dam, he spent 15 years providing general computer support for field linguists working on languages spoken by Native Americans and various immigrant groups in the U.S. and Canada. He is now assigned to SIL’s Non-Roman Script Initiative.

John Brinkman is a development manager at Adobe, working on products that deliver forms functionality to both the client and server, multiple operating systems and many, many locales.

Pierre Cadieux is President of i18N Inc. (www.i18n.ca), a firm specializing in internationalization training and consulting for software, websites and embedded systems. Pierre also teaches internationalization at University of Montréal. Formerly VP Technology at Alis Technologies, he pioneered the transparent handling of Arabic and created the core bi-directional technology licensed by Microsoft. As Director of Localization Technology at Bowne Global Solutions, he carried out research and analysis on multilingual Web sites and published the first generic model of Globalization Management Systems. He can be reached at pcadieux@i18n.ca.

Edward Mokurai Cherlin has been a mathematician, a Peace Corps Volunteer, a Buddhist Priest, a high-tech market analyst, a technical writer, a serial NGO founder (spam, educational software, global poverty), cook, goatherd, amanuensis, and pre-school multilingual music teacher. In his spare time he reads Science Fiction, plays music, and tries to get out into the garden more often.

Lee Collins is currently the manager of OS Engineering Asia at Apple, Inc. His responsibilities include management of the team responsible for a number of core technologies to support internationalization and Asian text input. He has been involved in SW internationalization, text rendering and input since he began work at Xerox in 1984. He was active in the original Unicode effort. Aside from two breaks to work at Taligent and Ariba, he has worked at various positions within Apple since 1988.

Richard Cook is a research fellow in linguistics at UC Berkeley and at Berkeley's International Computer Science Institute. He is an editor of Unicode 5.0, project manager of STEDT, and contributor to the Script Encoding Initiative. With Thomas Bishop, CEO and lead programmer of Wenlin Institute, Inc., he is co-author of the Character Description Language (CDL) Specification <http://www.wenlin.com/cdl/>. Bishop, inventor of CDL, is an editor of the ABC Dictionary (University of Hawaii), and a mathematician who has applied neural networks to such diverse problems as handwriting recognition and space shuttle main engine fault detection.

Craig Cummings is a Principal Technical Staff member of Oracle’s Applications Internationalization team. Since J2SE v1.3, Craig has worked closely with Sun’s internationalization team to help shape some of the pluggable locale, resource bundle, font, and supplementary character support in Java.

Michael Cysouw is a Senior Researcher at the Linguistics Department of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. He is actively engaged in preparing resources from all over the world's language for comparative research. Being able to interpret the bewildering amount of different orthographies is an important precondition for this research.

Douglas Davidson has worked on Mac OS X and its predecessors at NeXT and Apple since 1996. He is currently responsible for significant portions of the Mac OS X text subsystems.

Mark Davis co-founded the Unicode project and has been the president of the Unicode Consortium since its incorporation. He is one of the key technical contributors to the Unicode specifications, including such areas as bi-directional text, normalization, scripts, text segmentation, identifiers (including IDN), collation, regular expressions, compression, locale data, character conversion, character properties, and security.
Mark was responsible for the overall architecture of ICU (the premier Unicode software library), and the earlier version of ICU that was incorporated into the standard Java release.

Jim DeLaHunt is a Vancouver, Canada-based software engineer and consultant in world-ready business and technology development. He helps small tech companies get started with their international products. Earlier, he worked 16 years in Silicon Valley for Adobe Systems. He was introduced the gaiji requirement when he first joined Adobe, and he was the technical leader of the SING Gaiji Architecture through its initial release in July 2005. You can contact Jim via his personal web site at http://jdlh.com/.

Marc Durdin was born in Sydney and moved with his family to South East Asia when he was a child. Marc became interested in finding a solution to foreign language input while he and his father were using Lao, and wrote the first version of Keyman in 1993. He completed a Bachelor of Computing at the University of Tasmania in 1999. He currently lives with his wife and two daughters in Hobart, Tasmania. Marc is passionate about multilingual computing. His goal is to enable all people to effectively use technology to communicate in their own language.

Martin J. Dürst is an Associate Professor in the Department of Integrated Information Technology at Aoyama Gakuin University in Japan. Martin has been one of the main drivers of internationalization and the use of Unicode in a Web and Internet context. He published the first proposals for domain name ‘Internationalzation’ and composite character normalization, and is the main author of the W3C Character Model and the IRI (Internationalized Resource Identifier) specification.

Loïc Dufresne de Virel joined Intel in 1999 as a software quality engineer and evolved rapidly towards project and resource management with Intel's in-house localization team, Global Languages Solutions. He transitioned to Intel's Digital Home Group at the end of 2005 as Localization Program Manager, where his main responsibility is the localization of the Intel® Viiv™ software and related collateral into 19 languages.

John Emmons has been involved in IBM's globalization efforts for the last 18 years. He has served as the lead globalization architect for IBM's AIX operating system, and also contributes as a member of IBM's ICU development team, and serves as IBM's representative of Unicode's CLDR technical committee. His major areas of expertise are in operating systems development, and complex text layout technologies.

Doug Felt currently works for Google on internationalization and globalization technologies with a focus on Java. Prior to that he worked for IBM on the ICU open source project, where he was project lead for ICU4J for several years. He has also collaborated closely with the Sun Java engineers since JDK 1.2 on internationalization and complex text issues and implementations.

Elsebeth Flarup has worked with software localization in IBM for 17 years, the last 8 years as localization project manager and globalization architect in the Software Group and Sales & Distribution units in Raleigh, NC. During this time she has led the localization of a number of software products with simultaneous shipment of up to 17 language versions. Prior to this, she held positions as senior translator, terminology manager and localization project manager in IBM Denmark. Elsebeth holds a Masters degree in History and English from the University of Copenhagen.

Shoshannah Forbes has been testing bidirectional support since 1997. She has worked on products such as Microsoft Windows, Mozilla Firefox, Adobe Acrobat ME and OpenOffice. She is now a software test engineer at Google, Inc.

Erik Fortune is the developer manager in the MUI team.

Asmus Freytag, Ph.D. is president of ASMUS, Inc., a Seattle-based company specializing in consulting services and seminars on topics ranging from software internationalization to implementing Unicode. He has been a contributor to the Unicode Standard since before the inception of the Unicode Consortium and a co-author of the Unicode Standard for many years. He has written or contributed to several Unicode Technical Reports and Standards. He is a vice-president of the Unicode Consortium and represents the Consortium in several standards groups such as NCITS/L2 and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.

Claudia Galván is currently leading the Globalization of Web Communication Services at Microsoft. In her previous life she led the Globalization and ESD Technologies at Adobe Systems and the NLS Support at Oracle. She continues to look for innovative and creative ways to scale languages and markets while maintaining a local flavor.

Bill Hall has been a developer and consultant on Windows and .NET platforms with experience going back to Windows 1.0, which he ported at the systems level to AT&T/Olivetti computers. An applications programmer throughout his computing career, he turned to internationalization in the early 1990’s taking several projects into European and Far East languages and contributing numerous articles to Microsoft Systems Journal and Multilingual Computing. In past lives, Bill has been a military and civilian aviator, an associate professor of mathematics for nearly 20 years, and served three years as an associate editor at Mathematical Reviews.

Matthew Hardy received his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Nottingham, UK. His primary research topics have included PDF and XML technologies. He has worked at Adobe Systems for two years, working on the Mars project.

Ned Holbrook is a software engineer at Apple, where he has worked on text processing, line layout, and font technologies for desktop and embedded systems.

Richard Ishida is the W3C Internationalization Activity Lead. This activity has the mission of ensuring universal access to the Web, regardless of language, script or culture, by proposing & coordinating any techniques, conventions, guidelines and activities within the W3C that help to make and keep the Web international. Richard is also chair of the GEO (Guidelines, Education & Outreach) Working Group. For many years Richard’s seminars and consulting have helped product groups around the world develop websites, documents, software, and on-screen information so that it can be easily localized for the international marketplace. His background includes translation and interpreting, computational linguistics, and translation tools. He has studied French, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian, Japanese and Arabic.

Michael Kaplan is a Technical Lead at Microsoft, working on both Windows and the .NET Framework, centering on Collation, Keyboards, and Locales. He was the principal developer for both the MS Layer for Unicode on Win9x (MSLU) and the MS Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC). He has written dozens of articles on international development issues and is the author of the book “Internationalization with Visual Basic” from Sams Publishing. Prior to joining Microsoft, he did consulting as the Chief Software Architect of Trigeminal Software, Inc. His blog gets new posts daily and can be found at http://blogs.msdn.com/michkap.

Alik Khavin is a Software Engineer who joined Microsoft over 6 years ago. His experience includes Globalization and Localization of .NET Framework components and Internet Explorer web browser. Alik presently works for the Developer Division of Microsoft on Windows Presentation Foundation, Microsoft’s next generation UI framework.

Michael Kuperstein joined Intel in 1996 as a software engineer. As the dotcom bubble burst, he joined Intel’s localization team, where his responsibilities include tools development and internationalization consulting for product development teams.

Philip Levy received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from University of California, Santa Cruz. He has worked in areas including compilers, operating systems, development tools, embedded systems, web technology, and document representations. His interests include software development processes, formal representations of information, and high-reliability programming. He is a member of ACM, IEEE, and IFIP Working Group 2.4.

Shanjian Li graduated from Beijing Institute of Technology in 1991, and has a BS in Computer Science. He spent 6 years at Netscape working on browser development as an i18n engineer. He is now a software engineer at Google, Inc.

Ken Lunde is a Senior Computer Scientist in CJKV Type Development at Adobe Systems Incorporated, headquartered in San Jose, California. He has been with Adobe for over sixteen years. He is also the author of "CJKV Information Processing" (O'Reilly, 1999), and is currently working on writing the Second Edition.

Mr. Ma is a Principle Member of Technical Staff in Server Globalization Technology Group at Oracle Corporation. He received his M.S. in Computer Engineering from University of Florida.

Michael is an internationalization architect at Yahoo! Inc. He is a specialist in globalization of applications and distributed systems with over one and a half decades of internationalization experience. He is a licensed professional engineer with extensive experience consulting or leading globalization projects for a number Fortune 500 companies and has a background in global e-commerce, application design, database
internals, distributed bibliographic systems, test engineering, and ethnographic research.

Thomas Merz is President of PDFlib GmbH <http://www.pdflib.com>, a company he founded 2000 in Munich, Germany, which develops software for generating and processing PDF documents. He also serves as chair of the Technical WG within the PDF/A Competence Center http://www.pdfa.org, an industry association, which promotes the international archiving standard PDF/A. In the pre-Unicode era, Thomas designed and developed a multi-lingual text processing system as part of his master’s thesis in mathematics and computer science. Since his University days he has been occupied with digital typography, PostScript/PDF, and internationalization. Mr. Merz has published several books on PostScript, PDF, and fonts.

Kat joined Netscape in 1996, where he initially worked as I18n Evangelist, then as Principal I18n Software QA Engineer and as Mozilla Technology Evangelist. Since joining Google in 2005, he has been working as an I18n Consultant and Test Engineer for a variety of web applications. He has presented papers at W3C and Unicode Conferences as well as other Industry conferences in Japan and the US.

Addison Phillips is an Internationalization Architect for Yahoo! Inc. The editor of RFC 3066bis (language tags), and a member of the Internationalization and Unicode Conference advisory committee, Mr. Phillips has been involved with internationalization since 1991. He has been an internationalization consultant and worked as a globalization architect at companies such as AT&T, webMethods, and Quest Software before joining Yahoo! He was, until recently, the chair of the W3C Internationalization Core Working Group.

Elizabeth Pyatt is an instructional designer at Penn State who has been involved in Unicode support for a variety of projects including training advanced Arabic language learners in creating Unicode documents, installation of Russian phonetic keyboards, consultation for the implementation of entity codes for online Spanish, phonetics and logic course materials and inclusion of Unicode mathematical data within a Flash XML file. She earned a Ph.D. in linguistics in 1997 from Harvard University before changing careers to instructional technology and has worked with foreign language technology in various forms since 1984.

Russ Rolfe is the Lead Program Manager for the Windows Globalization Evangelism team. He is an advocate to Microsoft development teams for international customers, letting the teams know what Microsoft’s customers’ international issues and needs are. He headed the creation of Microsoft’s book, “Developing International Software - 2nd. Edition.” He has been involved with Globalization, Internationalization and Localization for over 25 years. He spent five years with Weidner Communications as project manager developing a Japanese to English machine translation system. He was one of founding members of the OSCAR group who created the Translation Memory Exchange (TMX) standard and is currently a member of the W3Cs International GEO (Guidelines, Education and Outreach) Task Force.

Craig Rublee has been working at Adobe Systems, Inc. for 16 years. During his tenure there he has been involved in the development of technologies to extend the reach of Adobe's products to international markets. In his current role as Sr. Globalization Architect, his responsibilities include promoting software internationalization across Adobe's products. Craig has a BS in Mathematical Sciences and MS in Computer Science from Stanford University.

Murray is a Partner Software Design Engineer at Microsoft, working mostly on the RichEdit editing engine and math editing and display. He completed BS, MS, and PhD degrees in theoretical physics at Yale University and worked for 22 years in the theory & application of lasers, first at Bell Labs and then as a Professor at the University of Arizona. He also worked on technical word processing, writing the first math display program SCROLL (1969) and later (1980s) the PS technical word processor. More info is given in his blog on Math in Office http://blogs.msdn.com/murrays.

Felix Sasaki works within the W3C Internationalization Activity, which assures that the needs of Internationalization are fulfilled within W3C-specifications, and also creates Internationalization specific specifications. Felix is the team contact for the W3C Internationalization and the ITS Working Group, and also for the W3C Web Services Policy Working Group. He is used to crossing borders between cultures and (scientific) communities: He studied Japanese, Linguistics and Web technologies at various Universities in Germany and Japan. Now his mission is to address the needs of Internationalization and Localization within the W3C, applying different W3C technologies like RDF and XML for purposes of Internationalization and Localization, and introducing the merit of these technologies to a broad Internationalization and Localization community.

Naoto Sato is a Java internationalization engineer in Sun Microsystems’ Java & Developer Platforms Group. Currently his work is focused on enhancements of Locale class in Java. Prior to Sun, he worked in the internationalization team at IBM Japan. He holds a M. Engineering degree in Precision Machinery Systems from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.

Dale Schultz graduated from the University of Natal (South Africa) in 1982 and has worked on software on 4 continents since 1978. During the last 15 years he has specialized in the globalization and localization of software. As a team member of the Globalization Center of Competency in IBM, he is the owner of the IBM Globalization Verification Test (GVT) process as well as the GVT Wizard and GVT Guide. When not inventing solutions for IBM he writes software to control his model trains.

Beat Stauber has been with Intel’s localization group since 1995 as a localization tester, QA lead, localization engineer, and Swiss perfectionist.

Daniel "Daan" Strebe has been with Adobe Systems Incorporated since 1999 as a senior computer scientist in Seattle. He has worked more than 20 years in the computer industry specializing in Japanese text processing, as well as on projects ranging from massively parallel array processing to publishing prepress software to cartographic programs. Many of those years were spent in running software companies. His recent work at Adobe is the design and programming of InDesign's side of Adobe's SING gaiji environment. He researches map projections in his spare time and chairs the Commission on Map Projections within the International Cartographic Association.

Tex Texin has been providing globalization services including architecture, strategy, training, and implementation to the software industry for many years. Tex has created numerous globalized products, managed internationalization development teams, developed internationalization and localization tools, and guided companies in taking business to new regional markets. Tex is also an advocate for internationalization standards in software and on the Web. He is a representative to the Unicode Consortium and the World Wide Web Consortium. Tex maintains two Web sites for internationalization, the popular http://www.I18nGuy.com and a site focused on the Progress Software community and others: http://www.XenCraft.com. Tex is now Internationalization Architect for Yahoo!

Mr. Tozawa is a Principle Member of Technical Staff in the Server Globalization Technology Group at Oracle Corporation.

Mr. Hongyuan Wang got his first master degree in 1991 from Beijing Tsinghua University, and then graduated with the master degree from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario in 1999. As a software engineer, Mr. Wang worked in IBM Toronto Lab in 2000 at Canada, and joined InfoAcer in 2002 at Taiwan. Feng Zhao and Hongyuan Wang founded Hytung Inc in 1998, and Beijing NeoHytung Inc in 2004, set up a unique UCS-4 database for collecting and digitalizing ancient Chinese dictionaries under the Unicode standard. Mr. Wang is an author and a senior ancient picture writing editor as well.

Dr. Jiangping Wang is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Webster University in St. Louis. He teaches courses extensively in database design and applications, data warehousing and data mining, programming languages, operating systems, and computer architecture. The main areas of his research interests are database management systems, decision support system, e-commerce data processing, and software project management. In addition to his academic studies and teaching, he has been a consultant in a variety of e-commerce projects in areas such as education, bioinformatics, and geographic information systems for local businesses.

Vladimir Weinstein is a software engineer at Google where he works on various internationalization issues. Previously, he was the technical lead for ICU4C and worked on various aspects of ICU including collation and resource bundle organization mechanisms. He has been involved with i18n field and ICU since 1999. Before joining Google, Vladimir worked for IBM and the University of Novi Sad, Serbia.

Sayuri Wijaya is a program manager on the MUI team.

Roy Yokoyama is a Principal Globalization Engineer at Motorola. He has more than 15 years of experience in the field of Windows programming and internationalization. Roy is currently working on globalizing the next version of Motorola Enterprise mobile client products. Before joining Motorola, Roy was a Senior Browser Development Engineer at Netscape/AOL Time Warner in Mountain View, CA. Previous to that position, he was the Project Leader of the Globalization team at COREL Corporation, Ottawa, CANADA. Roy received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1989 from Carleton University, Ottawa, CANADA.

Steve Zilles has been involved with the W3C since 1994 and has been a participant in both the CSS and XSL Working Groups. He has worked for Adobe Systems, Inc since 1992 in areas related to text formatting and rendering. He was active in the design of the ISO print description language and in the use of Postscript and PDF as standards for publishing.